In her lecture, Bremner shows that the paradigm form of alienation for Marx is not the alienation of labor, but a radicalized form of conceptual abstraction that serves, on Marx’s analysis in Capital, as a transcendental condition of possibility for the capitalist economic form. She analyzes Marx’s critique of this condition by comparing it to Rousseau’s genealogy of conceptual abstraction and Kant’s critique of the hypostasization of ideas of reason. She shows that Marx never abandons the concept of alienation after his early manuscripts as has often been claimed, but continues to draw on this concept for central aspects of his analysis throughout all three volumes of Capital. Thus, on her reading, Marx does not transition away from alienation to other concepts such as commodity fetishism, but develops commodity fetishism out of a concept of alienation already in his possession much earlier (albeit not yet in a complete form).